Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone), CAS# 84-80-0, is a polycyclic aromatic ketone manufactured through chemical synthesis, available as Off-white to yellow, fine powder. Vitamin K1 is widely used as nutritional supplements. It is affirmed by US FDA as GRAS(generally recognized as safe) and widely accepted as safe food additive in many countries.
cause allergy, anemia and cytotoxicity in liver cells.
As Vitamin K1 is widely known as safe, there is no limit on dosage of intake. However, we still recommend consumers to consult professionals before using large quantity of Vitamin K1 for long period.
Special groups refer to newborns, children, pregnant and any other applicable vulnerable groups.
There is no evidence that Vitamin K1 could have any negative effects on these vulnerable groups. It should be safe to use Vitamin K1 in food for newborns and pregnant. However, we still recommend consumers to consult professionals before using large quantity of Vitamin K1 for long period in food for newborns or pregnant.
Generally recognized as safe(GRAS) is a FDA designation that a specific substance or ingredient is generally considered safe by experts, and so is exempted from the usual Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) food additive tolerance requirements. Vitamin K1 is considered safe by FDA according to existing data and granted GRAS status.
No breaking news or public health crises reported about Vitamin K1 reported up to now.
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1. Vitamin K1 to slow vascular calcification in haemodialysis patients (VitaVasK trial): a rationale and study protocol. [Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2014 Sep]
Author: Krueger T, Schlieper G, Schurgers L, Cornelis T, Cozzolino M, Jacobi J, Jadoul M, Ketteler M, Rump LC, Stenvinkel P, Westenfeld R, Wiecek A, Reinartz S, Hilgers RD, Floege J.
2. Efficacy and safety of intravenous phytonadione (vitamin K1) in patients on long-term oral anticoagulant therapy. [Mayo Clin Proc. 2001 Mar]
Author: Shields RC, McBane RD, Kuiper JD, Li H, Heit JA.
3. Low-dose vitamin K1 versus short-term with holding of acenocoumarol in the treatment of excessive anticoagulation episodes induced by acenocoumarol. A retrospective comparative study. [Haemostasis. 1998 Mar-Apr]
Author: Ortín M, Olalla J, Marco F, Velasco N.
4. Intravenous versus subcutaneous vitamin K1 in reversing excessive oral anticoagulation. [Am J Cardiol. 1999 Jan 15]
Author: Nee R, Doppenschmidt D, Donovan DJ, Andrews TC.